Pepsin

What is Pepsin?

Pepsin is a digestive enzyme produced in the stomach that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides. It is secreted by the stomach lining as an inactive precursor called pepsinogen, which is then activated by the acidic environment in the stomach. Pepsin plays a crucial role in the digestive process by initiating the breakdown of dietary proteins, making them easier to further digest and absorb in the small intestine.

Why causes a Pepsin deficiency?

Pepsin deficiency can result from chronic stomach issues like gastritis, infections, long-term antacid or PPI use, and partial or full gastrectomy, all of which lower stomach acid and reduce pepsin activation. Symptoms include difficulty digesting proteins, leading to bloating, gas, and discomfort after protein-rich meals. Impaired digestion may cause fatigue, muscle weakness, and brittle hair or nails due to poor nutrient absorption, while undigested proteins can increase gut irritation and food sensitivities. Low pepsin may also lead to reflux and higher susceptibility to stomach infections.

What can I do about it?

Addressing pepsin deficiency involves managing underlying conditions that affect stomach acid production. If antacids or PPIs are used, it should be stopped. Supplementing with betaine HCl under medical supervision may aid in increasing stomach acidity and promoting pepsin activation. Chinese bitters have also been found to help. Additionally, digestive enzyme supplements containing pepsin can be considered to support protein digestion.